Civil Engineering Notes (Theoritical).

  Leave your ego at the door every morning, and just do some truly great work.     Few things will make you feel better than a job brilliantly done. -Robin S. Sharma Objective: Time:     After graduation (B.Tech/B.E/Diploma) Type:     Permanent, Part-Time Sector:  Government, Private, Self-employed Salary:   As per your job position. Introduction: Getting a job after any graduation or completion of studies is a dream for any young blood.  Not to worry, most of the graduates are still getting a lesson in life. They are still dreaming of it. It causes due to lack of planning. We dream only, we forgot to plan. That's why we are struggling for freedom life.  So, here we will plan for it, and fight correctly to get the job before we miss life. Check your position It means, we have to focus more on us, than other aspects. Please don't blame on government or society. Look around yo...

What is the Plane Table Surveying?  The plane table surveying is considered one of the fastest and easiest methods of surveying.  In this type of surveying  Plotting of plans/map Observation of field can be done at the same time in plane table surveying. And  this survey is useful in the following cases: where fields are in small-scale and are need to survey. It is also used in industrial areas where compass survey fails to perform. It is often used to fill in details between stations fixed by triangulation method or theodolite traversing method. Pieces of equipment Used in Plane Table Survey General equipment used for conducting plane table survey are Plane table Alidade for sighting (telescopic or simple) Plumb bob and plumb fork Compass Spirit level Chain Ranging rods Tripod Drawing sheet and drawing tools Paper clips or screws

Table of Contents: What is Concrete? What does mean about Prestressed Concrete? Types of Prestressed Concrete. It's Uses. What is Concrete? Concrete : - I t is a Composite material of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time. Generally known as Portland cement concrete. here, fluid cement means - paste of cement. What does mean about Prestressed Concrete? Prestressed Concrete:  Types of Prestressed Concrete. It's Uses.

Frequently asked questions: Explain rotation transformation and transition transformation. What is clipping?  Briefly explain about DDA line drawing algorithm, with an example. Explain the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm. Explain 3D Transformation? Programming based questions: Answers: 1.)  DDA line drawing algorithm Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA):  is an algorithm,  for the simple line generation.  And it is used for  interpolation of variables over an interval between the start and end point.  Such as rasterization of lines, triangles, and polygons. This method can be implemented using floating-point or integer arithmetic.

Purpose We explore the soil to know it's detailed information of soil and also for groundwater conditions such as : Engineering properties of soil and it's nature or nature of the formation. Locations of groundwater, their condition, and variation. Sometimes for survey purpose, to check the soil properties of various locations. Methods: 

What is an Internship? An internship is a period of work experience offered by an organization for a limited period of time. But you can also apply for an internship in the desired organization. How much is required to attempt?  Currently, experience is becoming a crucial factor for employers when deciding who gets their foot in the door. It’s strongly advised that students and graduates must take the opportunity to complete a period of work experience to ensure they have a competitive advantage over their peers, and that’s where an internship can make all the difference. When and How you can apply for it? What you will learn in internship?

"Recipe for success: Study while others are sleeping; work while others are loafing; prepare while others are playing; and dream while others are wishing.” ~ William A. Ward List of all competitive exams: GATE UPSC PSC PWD PHED

What is Communication? Multiple Definitions: 1. A two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which participants not only exchange (encode-decode) information, news, ideas, and feelings but also create and share meaning. In general, communication is a means of connecting people or places. In business, it is a key function of management--an organization cannot operate without communication between levels, departments, and employees. 2. Communication (from Latin commūnicāre, meaning "to share") is the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules. 3. Communication is simply the act of, transferring information, from one place to another. Role of Communication Now let's talk about the role of communication, it play's multiple roles at different places according to variations in situation and time.

Table of Contents: Theory of Relativity Geometrical Optics Physical Optics Thermal Physics Acoustics Dynamics of Fluid ------------------------------------- Theory of relativity An inertial frame of reference, Non-inertial frames and fictitious forces, Outline of relativity, Michelson Morley experiment, Lorentz transformation of space and time, Length contraction, Variation of mass with velocity, An equivalent of mass and energy. Geometrical optics Combination of thin lenses, Cardinal points of the coaxial system of thin lenses, Thick lenses, Location and properties of cardinal points, Graphical construction of images. Physical optics Kinetic theory of gasses, Maxwellian distribution, Mean free path, transport phenomenon in gases. Imperfect gases and Vander Waal's equation of state. Thermal Physics Kinetic theory of gasses, Maxwellian distribution, Mean free path, transport phenomenon in gases. Imperfect gases an...

Table of Contents: Atoms and Molecules Reaction dynamics Electrochemistry Transition Metal Chemistry Organometallic Chemistry Structure and Reactivity of Organic Molecules Polymerization Photochemistry Atoms and Molecules Particle in a box illustrating energy quantization, Angular momentum quantization, (extended) Radial and angular parts of H atom, Wave functions/orbitals, Probability and charge distribution. Many electron atoms, Homonuclear , and heteronuclear diatomic, Covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and electronegativity concepts, Hybridization and shapes of molecules. Non- covalent interaction(Van Der Waal and hydrogen bonding.) Reaction Dynamics Rate Laws, Mechanics and theories of reaction rates(Collision and transition state theory) Lasers in chemistry. Electrochemistry Application of electrode potentials to predict redox reactions in solution with special reference to the Lattimer and Frost diag...

Minimum required knowledge of English: A student must be able to : Write reasonably and grammatically.  Understand at least 2500 general purpose word of English.  Use general purpose word to express himself in writing and 1500 words to talk about day to day life.  Speak reasonably cleary (if not fluently) on routine matters with his fellow students or friends. Table of Contents: Communication Professional writing  Graphics Phonetics and Phonology Report Writing Discussion Skills Presentation Skills Study skills Communication Introduction,  Role of Communication ( link2 )  An objective of Communication The process of Communication Element of Communication  Essentials of Communication  Flow of Communication  Barriers/Factors inhibiting,  Verbal/Non-Verbal  Kinetics/Body Languages  Style in Technical communication  Communication skills- Reading, writing, Speaking, Listening, and Ta...

Building Materials Bricks Stone Lime, timber, plywood, glass, plastics, steel. Alumlnium: classification, properties and selection criteria. Cement, aggregate, admixtures: types properties, selection criteria, and tests. Preparation and properties of concrete, Concrete mix design. Building Construction Building Byelaws, Modular coordination. Loads on building, types of foundation and selection criteria. Brick masonry, Stone masonry, Bonds. Types of Walls, partition and cavity walls, design criteria, prefabricated construction. Treatment for waterproofing.  Doors and windows: size and location, materials. Stair and staircases :types material, proportions.     Sample Questions

Minerals   Physical properties and detailed study of certain rock-forming minerals.  Rocks Thier Origin, structure, texture and,  Classification of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic and metamorphic rocks and their suitability as engineering materials,  Building stones,  Engineering properties of rooks.  Stratification, lamination bedding, and dip strike of bed, overlap.  Rock deformation Folds,  Faults,  joints unconformity and their classification,  causes, and relation to engineering behavior of rock masses.  Earthquake, its causes, classification, seismic zones of India and geological consideration for construction of a building. Landslides, its' causes, classification and preventive measures. Underground water, Origin, Aquifier, Acqicludes, Artesian wells, Underground provinces of India and it's roles as geological Hazzard. Geological investigation for site selection of Dams and Reservoir...

Use of basic, C and FORTRAN in Computer Graphics Screen, A world and Normalised Coordinates. Generation of Points. Line and two-dimensional geometric figures. Scaling, rotation and translations and their representation in ti of matrix operations. Clipping, windowing, and shading. Introduction to Graphics packages in Basic, C FORTRAN 2D Transformation 3D Computer Graphics 3D Transformation Computer graphics   (ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA) Computer  graphics

Just tap on Topics to read. Introduction Modes of Transportation, their importance and limitations , Importance of Highway transportation. Highway Planning The principle of Highway Planning, Road development and Financing, The privatization of Highways, Highway Alignment- Requirments. Engineering surveys for Highway location. Geometric Design Cross section elements, Width, camber, Design speed, Sight distances, Requirement and design, Horizontal and vertical alignments. Highway Materials Properties of subgrade and pavements component materials, Material characterization, Tests on Subgrade soil, Aggregates and bituminous materials, Bituminous mix design. Pavement Design and Construction The principle of Highway Planning, their importance and limitations, Importance of Highway transportation, Highway Drainage A principle of Highway Planning, their importance and limitations, Importance of Highway transporta...

Measurement of Distances: A principle of different methods and their accuracies Measurement by chain and tape Measuring Distances Convert length and distance  units Explore it, Measurement of Angles and Directions: Reference meridians,  Bearing and azimuthal declination and its variations. Use and adjustment of a compass,  Vimier and micro-optic  theodolites.  Temporary and permanent adjustment. Requirements of non-adjustable parts, measurement of horizontal and vertical angles by different angles. Traversing: Principles of traversing by compass and theodolite, Field Work and checks,  Computation of coordinates.  Sources of errors.  Measurement of Elevations: Different methods of determining elevation: Spirit, Trigonometric, Barometric and photogrammetric method, spirit leveling.  Definitions of terms. A principle, Construction, Temporary and permanent adjustm...

History of materials:  Source of engineering materials;  Categorization of engineering materials;  Material properties and their application just to make an illustrative point;  Periodic approach to engineering materials. -------*------- Atomic bonding vis-a-vis properties of materials:  Crystal structure and noncrystalline structure;  Miller indices.  -------*------- X-ray diffraction, Defects, and their origin,  Frenkel and Schottky defects;  Order-Disorder transformations, an association of defects, non- stoichiometric solids; The role of defects in defining electronic properties of materials - Si, GaAs, Dislocation. -------*------ Diffusion in solids,  Atom mobilities,  Temperature and impurity dependence of diffusion,  Various diffusion process. Switch to WordPress #tags #properties of materials, 

Numerical analysis Approximation and round of errors,  Truncation errors and Taylor series,  Determination of roots of polynomials and transcendental equations by Newton- Rap son,   Secant and Bairstow's methods,   Solutions of linear simultaneous linear algebraic equations by Gauss Elimination and Gauss-Siedel iteration methods,  Carve fitting - linear and nonlinear regression analysis,  Backward-Forward and Central difference relation and there uses in Numerical differentiation and integration,  Application of different relations in the solution of partial differential equations,  Numerical solution of ordinary differential by Euler Modified Euler Runge- Kutta and Predictor-Corrector method. Computer Programming Introduction to C and C++ language. Arithmetic Expressions Concepts of Variables Statements, a function call from the library, C datatypes, (int, char, float, void, double), C primitive input output u...

Table of Contents: Vector analysis Electromagnetism Thermoelectricity Modern Physics Solid State Devices Vector analysis Scaler and vector fields,  A gradient of a scalar field,  Divergence and curl of vector fields,  The line integral of a vector field,  Gauss Divergence theorem,  Stoke's theorem. Electromagnetism Quantization & conservation of charge,  Coulomb's law(vectorial form) and superposition principle,  The concept of electric field lines,  the flux of E- field,  Gauss's Law,  Electric potential energy and potential.  Conductors, capacitors and dielectric materials, Magnetic field, Force on a moving charge in a Magnetic field, force in current element, Torque on a current loop, Biot- Savart law. Thermoelectricity Seebeck effect,  The law of successive temperatures,  The law of intermediate metals,  Peltier effect,  Thomson effect,  Thermoelectric power...

Table of Contents Genral Ecology Air Pollution and control Water Pollution and Control Land Pollution  Noise Pollution General Introsuction, components of environment,  envoirenment degredation. Ecology Elements of ecology, Ecological balance and consequences of change,  principles of environmental impacts assesments. Air pollution and control Atmospheric composition,  energy balance, climate,  weather, dispersion, sources, and effects of pollutants, primary and secondary pollutants, greenhouse effects,  depletion of ozone layer.  standards and control measures. Water pollution and control Hydrosphere,  natural water,  pollutants their origin and effects,  river/lake/groundwater pollution standards and control. Land Pollution Lithosphere, Pollutants(Municipal, industrial, commercial, agricultural, hazardous solid wastes): their origin and effects, Colle...