Civil Engineering Notes (Theoritical).

What is the Plane Table Surveying?  The plane table surveying is considered one of the fastest and easiest methods of surveying.  In this type of surveying  Plotting of plans/map Observation of field can be done at the same time in plane table surveying. And  this survey is useful in the following cases: where fields are in small-scale and are need to survey. It is also used in industrial areas where compass survey fails to perform. It is often used to fill in details between stations fixed by triangulation method or theodolite traversing method. Pieces of equipment Used in Plane Table Survey General equipment used for conducting plane table survey are Plane table Alidade for sighting (telescopic or simple) Plumb bob and plumb fork Compass Spirit level Chain Ranging rods Tripod Drawing sheet and drawing tools Paper clips or screws

Frequently asked questions: Explain rotation transformation and transition transformation. What is clipping?  Briefly explain about DDA line drawing algorithm, with an example. Explain the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm. Explain 3D Transformation? Programming based questions: Answers: 1.)  DDA line drawing algorithm Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA):  is an algorithm,  for the simple line generation.  And it is used for  interpolation of variables over an interval between the start and end point.  Such as rasterization of lines, triangles, and polygons. This method can be implemented using floating-point or integer arithmetic.

Building Materials Bricks Stone Lime, timber, plywood, glass, plastics, steel. Alumlnium: classification, properties and selection criteria. Cement, aggregate, admixtures: types properties, selection criteria, and tests. Preparation and properties of concrete, Concrete mix design. Building Construction Building Byelaws, Modular coordination. Loads on building, types of foundation and selection criteria. Brick masonry, Stone masonry, Bonds. Types of Walls, partition and cavity walls, design criteria, prefabricated construction. Treatment for waterproofing.  Doors and windows: size and location, materials. Stair and staircases :types material, proportions.     Sample Questions

Minerals   Physical properties and detailed study of certain rock-forming minerals.  Rocks Thier Origin, structure, texture and,  Classification of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic and metamorphic rocks and their suitability as engineering materials,  Building stones,  Engineering properties of rooks.  Stratification, lamination bedding, and dip strike of bed, overlap.  Rock deformation Folds,  Faults,  joints unconformity and their classification,  causes, and relation to engineering behavior of rock masses.  Earthquake, its causes, classification, seismic zones of India and geological consideration for construction of a building. Landslides, its' causes, classification and preventive measures. Underground water, Origin, Aquifier, Acqicludes, Artesian wells, Underground provinces of India and it's roles as geological Hazzard. Geological investigation for site selection of Dams and Reservoir...

Use of basic, C and FORTRAN in Computer Graphics Screen, A world and Normalised Coordinates. Generation of Points. Line and two-dimensional geometric figures. Scaling, rotation and translations and their representation in ti of matrix operations. Clipping, windowing, and shading. Introduction to Graphics packages in Basic, C FORTRAN 2D Transformation 3D Computer Graphics 3D Transformation Computer graphics   (ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA) Computer  graphics